The following is a sentence-by-sentence breakdown, which is how the study of the Bible should be commenced.
Ephesians 4:1-10
1 I therefore, the prisoner of the Lord, beseech you that ye walk worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called,
2 With all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love;
3 Endeavouring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.
Paul is writing from prison in Rome. Admonishing all the saints (those who have trusted in the Lord Jesus Christ, that He was the virgin-born Son of God, that He died for our sins, was buried, and rose again) to be faithful regardless of how difficult a situation one might be found in. Walking in humility and meekness, being patient and tolerant of one another, having the love of the brethren. We are to strive to maintain peace within the body of Christ.
Romans 12:16 Be of the same mind one toward another. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Be not wise in your own conceits.
James 2:9 But if ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors.
4 There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling;
5 One Lord, one faith, one baptism,
6 One God and Father of all, who is above all, and through all, and in you all.
Romans 12:4-5 For as we have many members in one body, and all members have not the same office: 5So we, being many, are one body in Christ, and every one members one of another.
We all have the same hope in the same faith unto salvation. There is one God whose Spirit resides in all of us. The one baptism is that of the Holy Spirit. (Romans 12:3–8)
Ephesians 1:13 In whom ye also trusted, after that ye heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation: in whom also after that ye believed, ye were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise,
7 But unto every one of us is given grace according to the measure of the gift of Christ.
We are all granted the grace of God through the atonement of our Lord Jesus Christ.
8 Wherefore he saith, When he ascended up on high, he led captivity captive, and gave gifts unto men.
The OT saints had their sins forgiven, but they were not paid for until Christ’s atonement. They could not receive the Holy Spirit until the atonement was made, and therefore could not enter heaven. They were kept captive in Abraham’s bosom, reserved unto salvation until Christ’s resurrection. He then took them to heaven with Him, “led captivity captive”.
The Lord “gave gifts unto men”.
1 Corinthians 12:8-10 For to one is given by the Spirit the word of wisdom; to another the word of knowledge by the same Spirit; 9To another faith by the same Spirit; to another the gifts of healing by the same Spirit; 10To another the working of miracles; to another prophecy; to another discerning of spirits; to another divers kinds of tongues; to another the interpretation of tongues:
Ephesians 4:11-12 And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; 12For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ:
9 (Now that he ascended, what is it but that he also descended first into the lower parts of the earth?
10 He that descended is the same also that ascended up far above all heavens, that he might fill all things.)
Verses 9-10 are parenthetical, extra information, with no grammatical connection to the rest. At death, the Soul of our Lord descended into the lower parts, hell, and Abraham’s bosom.
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